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路面和开关磁阻电机作用下电动汽车振动分析

2023年10月04日

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路面和开关磁阻电机作用下电动汽车振动分析

作者:未知
摘 要:为了分析开关磁电机驱动电动汽车振动性能,基于前轮和后轮路面激励的时间相关性,应用滤波白噪声法描述前轮和后轮路面激励,基于线性模型描述开关磁阻电机垂向激励,采用六自由度汽车振动平面系统描述轮毂电机驱动电动汽车振动.在城市行驶工况的B级路面和车速范围内,对路面和开关磁阻电机作用下电动汽车振动性能进行了研究.研究结果表明,在前轮和后轮电机存在同向偏心的情况下,低速对车轮加速度和车轮动载荷影响大,高速对座椅加速度和悬架动挠度影响大.
  关键词:电动汽车;振动;路面;开关磁阻电机;汽车振动平面系统
  中图分类号:U469.72 文献标志码:A
  Abstract:To analyze vibration performance of electric vehicle with switched reluctance motor, a filter white noise method was used to describe the road excitations of front wheel and rear wheel based on time correlation between front wheel and rear wheel. A linear model was applied to describe the vertical excitation of switched reluctance motor, and inwheel motor electric vehicle vibration was determined by a six degree of freedom plane system of vehicle. In the urban driving situation of B grade road and speed range, electric vehicle vibration was studied by simulation analysis under the action of road and switched reluctance motor. The results show that low speed has a big influence on the wheel accelerations and wheel dynamic load, while high speed has a great influence on seat accelerations and suspension dynamic deflections under the presence of the same directional motor eccentricity condition of the front wheel and rear wheel.
  Key words:electric vehicles;vibration;road;switched reluctance motor;automotive vibration plane system
  作?榈缍?汽车的一种形式,轮毂电机驱动电动汽车将电机嵌入到轮毂内[1-3],是结构布置最简单和传动效率最高的电动汽车,受到广泛关注[4-7].
  目前,在轮毂电机驱动电动汽车应用的轮毂电
  机中,开关磁阻电机具有成本低、调速范围宽的优点,适合应用在电动汽车上.但是,与其他轮毂电机相比,开关磁阻电机的缺点是存在转矩波动引起振动和噪声较大的问题[8-10].
  当将开关磁阻电机嵌入到轮毂内时,电机产生的激励将直接作用在车轮上,引起电动汽车振动,从而影响电动汽车的舒适性和安全性.因此,研究开关磁阻电机激励,能够促进其在电动汽车上的广泛应用.
  以往研究多从电机设计及其控制方面考虑开关磁阻电机振动问题[11],仅有少量研究从电机应用方面开展开关磁阻电机激励及其对电动汽车振动影响的分析[12-14],这些研究具有基础性.但是,这些研究仅考虑了电机单相转子多相过程的电机激励,没有考虑电机多相转子多相过程的电机激励;仅考虑了静止不动时电机对汽车振动的影响,没有考虑行驶时路面和电机作为联合激励对电动汽车振动的影响,具有局限性.
  为解决上述问题,在前人研究工作基础上,本文应用滤波白噪声描述前轮和后轮路面激励,使用线性模型描述开关磁阻电机激励,采用六自由度汽车振动平面系统描述轮毂电机驱动电动汽车振动,确定对应的振动性能指标,以路面和电机作为联合激励分析它们对电动汽车振动的影响,为开关磁阻电机驱动电动汽车振动性能的改善、优化和控制研究奠定基础.
  1 前轮和后轮路面激励描述
  1.1 路面激励功率谱密度表示
  2 开关磁阻电机垂向激励描述
  2.1 电机组成和作用过程
  典型开关磁阻电机为四相8/6极的结构,由定子、转子、绕组和开关电路等组成,如图1所示,其中仅画出一组开关电路.
  定子外圆均布8个凸极,每个凸极上安装有单极绕组,相对的定子两个单极绕组串联,称为单相绕组;转子内圆均布6个凸极,每个凸极称为单相转子.
  单机作用的完整过程为:
  1)当单相转子向单相绕组靠近时,电流通过单相绕组,沿着磁阻最小的路径磁通闭合,转子与定子产生电磁作用的过程,称为单相转子单相过程;
  2)单相转子与所有单相绕组电磁作用的过程,称为单相转子多相过程;
  3)所有单相转子与所有单相绕组电磁作用的过程,称为多相转子多相过程.
  2.2 单相转子单相过程电机激励与转子转角的关系
  为描述开关磁阻电机的运动过程,引入如下线性假设[12-14]:
5 结 论
  针对开关磁阻电机驱动电动汽车振动问题,建立了前轮和后轮路面激励的滤波白噪声模型、开关磁阻电机垂向激励的线性模型和轮毂电机驱动电动汽车的振动模型,考虑了行驶时路面和电机两种激励,确定了振动性能指标,通过仿真分析了路面和电机对开关磁阻电机驱动电动汽车振动的影响.
  研究结果表明,在开关磁阻电机因制造、装配和使用导致的定子和转子偏心的情况下,开关磁阻电机驱动电动汽车会受到路面和电机的联合激励作用;在城市行驶工况的B级路面和车速范围的情况下,座椅加速度、车轮加速度、悬架动挠度和车轮动载荷受车速影响较大;当车速为10 km/h以下时,车轮加速度和车轮动载荷达到最大值,悬架动挠度达到第一个峰值;当车速为60~80 km/h时,座椅加速度和悬架动挠度达到最大值.
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